English Summary: A man born in San Francisco to Chinese parents was denied reentry. The Supreme Court held that he was a U.S. citizen under the Fourteenth Amendment.
引文 Quote： “The Fourteenth Amendment affirms the ancient and fundamental rule of citizenship by birth within the territory...” —— Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. at 693
English Summary: Texas denied public education to children of undocumented immigrants. The Court ruled they are protected under the Fourteenth Amendment.
Quote： “No plausible distinction with respect to Fourteenth Amendment ‘jurisdiction’ can be drawn between resident aliens whose entry was lawful, and those whose entry was unlawful.” —— Plyler, 457 U.S. at 211 n.10
English Summary: While addressing deportation relief, the Court recognized that the U.S.-born children of noncitizens are U.S. citizens and may affect equitable relief.
虽非主旨案件，但实际应用中承认出生即为美国公民的效力。
五、例外与限制情形
出生于美国但不自动成为美国公民的情形主要包括：
情形
是否为美国公民
父母为外国驻美外交官
否（享有外交豁免权，不受司法管辖）
出生在美国控制区域（如美属萨摩亚）
特殊规定适用
在美国军舰、领事馆出生
通常视为美国领土，享国籍
政治争议与现实挑战
目前总统川普多次主张通过行政命令或立法限制出生公民权，特别是针对无证移民所生子女。但根据现行法律：
修改出生公民权需通过宪法修正案，即国会2/3通过并获得3/4州议会批准；
或通过新案推翻Wong Kim Ark 1898年判例（高度困难）；
行政命令无法绕过宪法或有效推翻联邦判例。
2025年6月28日，最高法院在 Trump v. CASA, Inc. 案中以6:3裁定限制联邦法院发布全国性禁令，虽未直接否定出生公民权，但显著改变了对行政命令的救济方式。
